Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) or intraoperative neuromonitoring is the use of electrophysiological methods to monitor the functional integrity of certain neural structures (e.g., nerves, spinal cord, and parts of the brain) during surgery. The purpose of IONM is to reduce the risk to the patient of iatrogenic damage to the nervous system, and/or to provide functional guidance to the surgeon and anesthesiologist.
Indications
see Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring indications.
Anesthesia
see Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring Anesthesia.
Modalities
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP)
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP)
Visual evoked potentials (VEP)
Electromyography (EMG) .
Spontaneous-EMG.
see Intraoperative stimulation mapping.
Case series
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring case series.
Special Topic Issue
Seidel K, Krieg SM. Special Topic Issue: Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2021 Jul;82(4):297-298. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1731685. Epub 2021 Jul 14. PMID: 34261154.